Introduction to Internet
Unit 1 Introduction to Internet
Structure:
1.1 Introduction
Objectives
1.2 What is Internet?
Definition
Internet from practical and technical angle
Who owns and cares for the Internet?
What is TCP/IP?
Introduction to RFC
How Internet Works?
Internet Applications
1.3 Concepts of Server
Client Server Model
Servers
1.4 Getting Connected Different Types of Connections Requirements for Connections
1.5 Internet Service Providers
1.6 Address in Internet
The Domain Name System and DNS Servers IP Addresses
1.6 Resource Addressing URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
URLs and HOST Names URLs and Port Numbers
Pathnames
1.7 Email Email Basics
Mail protocols How to Access the Mail System
1.8 Summary
In this unit, we would begin with an introduction to the internet, then discuss about the client-server model for communication and different types of connections. We would also discuss about Internet Service Providers and addressing in the internet. At the end we will explain about the Resource Addressing and Electronic mail.
Objectives
1.2.1 Definition
There is no single, generally agreed upon definition for internet because the internet is a different thing to different people. We can give the following few expressions in this context.
From the practical angle
Internet is a vast collection of globally available information which can be accessed electronically – information which is of practical use for business, research, study and technical purposes. It is a means for electronic commerce – marketing, buying, services, economic and financial data research. It is a collection of hundreds of libraries and archives that will open to your fingertips. It is also a vast store of information relating to your hobbies, travel, health, entertainment, games, software, etc.
Today the information can be in the form of Text, Images, Animation, Sound, Video etc tomorrow it would probably be in the form of smell, touch, taste or some energized form. If information can be put on computers, that mean it can be digitized, it can be made available on the internet. The only catch is, how fast? Even the future may not be able to tell.
From the Technical Angle
To be technically correct, we can say that the internet is “an ever growing wide area network of millions of computers and computer networks across the globe, which can exchange information through standard rules (protocols). Each computer has a unique address. Information is divided into packets which may travel through different paths to the destination address where it is recombined into its original form.”
1.2.3 Who owns and cares for the Internet?
Owning of internet No one owns the Internet. Any single person, corporation, university or government does not fund it. Internet has been described as the cooperative anarchy. Every person who makes a connection, every group whose Local Area Network (LAN) becomes connected, owns a slice of the Internet.
You can compare Internet model with phone companies and the electric companies. For example, there is phone service in almost every part of the country. With a phone company, each person who wants telephone service contacts a local service provider. The service provides a “hook-up” from the residence or office to the service network.
The person wanting service actually provides the telephone instrument and the connections within the residence or office. As long as the calls you want to place are restricted to your local area, you do not need anything else. However, if you want to place a call to someone in another area, you need to purchase services from a long-distance service provider. The local area provider supplies the connection from the local network into the longdistance network. This model allows you to connect to the telephone almost anywhere in the world. Moving among networks of computers works much the same way (which is not surprising since the telephone networks – that is, the physical cables – are used to connect the computers).
Who cares for Internet?
Many people care about the internet. All the people who use it, even if only to send a note to someone on some other network that is connected into the Internet, care about it. Someone or some enterprise owns each computer connected. The owner of the connected equipment therefore „owns‟ a piece of the internet. The telephone companies „own‟ the pieces that carry the information packets. The service providers „own‟ the packet routing equipment. So, while no one person or entity owns the internet, all who use it or supply materials for it play a part in its existence.
Since communication between networks cannot happen without co-operation, there are committees and groups working hard all the time to ensure smooth functioning. Some issues related to providing standards and identification of computers on the NET are to be cared by somebody. Some groups have thus been formed who look after primarily about the commonality part of internet. This body is called IAB (Internet Architecture Board), earlier called Internet Board as named by ARPA.
There are two main wings to this board:
Apart from maintaining protocols and norms/standards, another important function of commonality is assigning unique names and addresses to computers connected on the Net. This function is performed by InterNIC (Internet Network Information Center) which is a group of three organizations.
1. General Atomics, CA : Provides Information Services
2. AT & T., NY : Provides Directory and Database Services
3. Network Solutions, VA : Provides Registration Service
The services of InterNIC group are available on the Internet itself. Each individually connected network maintains its own user policies and procedures as to who can be connected, what kind of traffic the network will carry, and so on.
go to my next blog to continue. thanks
Structure:
1.1 Introduction
Objectives
1.2 What is Internet?
Definition
Internet from practical and technical angle
Who owns and cares for the Internet?
What is TCP/IP?
Introduction to RFC
How Internet Works?
Internet Applications
1.3 Concepts of Server
Client Server Model
Servers
1.4 Getting Connected Different Types of Connections Requirements for Connections
1.5 Internet Service Providers
1.6 Address in Internet
The Domain Name System and DNS Servers IP Addresses
1.6 Resource Addressing URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
URLs and HOST Names URLs and Port Numbers
Pathnames
1.7 Email Email Basics
Mail protocols How to Access the Mail System
1.8 Summary
1.1 Introduction
We have covered the basic concepts of internet and website in the previous semester. In addition to it we are going to cover few advance concepts in this unit. In this unit, we would begin with an introduction to the internet, then discuss about the client-server model for communication and different types of connections. We would also discuss about Internet Service Providers and addressing in the internet. At the end we will explain about the Resource Addressing and Electronic mail.
Objectives
- After studying this unit, you should be able to:
- explain the meaning, evolution, working and application of internet
- discuss the client server model and various types of internet
- describe how to get connected to internet
- use IP addressing scheme
- explain the concepts of resource addressing
- describe the E-mail basics, mail protocol & methods of accessing mail system
1.2 What is Internet?
This section covers the definition, meaning and practical & technical angle of internet. 1.2.1 Definition
There is no single, generally agreed upon definition for internet because the internet is a different thing to different people. We can give the following few expressions in this context.
- The Internet links are computer networks all over the world so that users can share resources and communicate with each other.
- It is the name for a vast, worldwide system consisting of people, information and computers
- It is a network of networks that spans the globe
- It is an ocean of information
- It is a set of computers communicating over fiber optics, phone lines, satellite links and other media
- It is a gold mine of professionals from all fields sharing information about their work
- It is a world wide interconnected system of thousands of computer networks, each network in turn linking thousands of computers together
- The Internet is also what we call a distributed system; there is no central archive.
- The Internet thrives and develops as its many users find new ways to create, display and retrieve the information that constitutes the Internet.
From the practical angle
Internet is a vast collection of globally available information which can be accessed electronically – information which is of practical use for business, research, study and technical purposes. It is a means for electronic commerce – marketing, buying, services, economic and financial data research. It is a collection of hundreds of libraries and archives that will open to your fingertips. It is also a vast store of information relating to your hobbies, travel, health, entertainment, games, software, etc.
Today the information can be in the form of Text, Images, Animation, Sound, Video etc tomorrow it would probably be in the form of smell, touch, taste or some energized form. If information can be put on computers, that mean it can be digitized, it can be made available on the internet. The only catch is, how fast? Even the future may not be able to tell.
From the Technical Angle
To be technically correct, we can say that the internet is “an ever growing wide area network of millions of computers and computer networks across the globe, which can exchange information through standard rules (protocols). Each computer has a unique address. Information is divided into packets which may travel through different paths to the destination address where it is recombined into its original form.”
1.2.3 Who owns and cares for the Internet?
Owning of internet No one owns the Internet. Any single person, corporation, university or government does not fund it. Internet has been described as the cooperative anarchy. Every person who makes a connection, every group whose Local Area Network (LAN) becomes connected, owns a slice of the Internet.
You can compare Internet model with phone companies and the electric companies. For example, there is phone service in almost every part of the country. With a phone company, each person who wants telephone service contacts a local service provider. The service provides a “hook-up” from the residence or office to the service network.
The person wanting service actually provides the telephone instrument and the connections within the residence or office. As long as the calls you want to place are restricted to your local area, you do not need anything else. However, if you want to place a call to someone in another area, you need to purchase services from a long-distance service provider. The local area provider supplies the connection from the local network into the longdistance network. This model allows you to connect to the telephone almost anywhere in the world. Moving among networks of computers works much the same way (which is not surprising since the telephone networks – that is, the physical cables – are used to connect the computers).
Who cares for Internet?
Many people care about the internet. All the people who use it, even if only to send a note to someone on some other network that is connected into the Internet, care about it. Someone or some enterprise owns each computer connected. The owner of the connected equipment therefore „owns‟ a piece of the internet. The telephone companies „own‟ the pieces that carry the information packets. The service providers „own‟ the packet routing equipment. So, while no one person or entity owns the internet, all who use it or supply materials for it play a part in its existence.
Since communication between networks cannot happen without co-operation, there are committees and groups working hard all the time to ensure smooth functioning. Some issues related to providing standards and identification of computers on the NET are to be cared by somebody. Some groups have thus been formed who look after primarily about the commonality part of internet. This body is called IAB (Internet Architecture Board), earlier called Internet Board as named by ARPA.
There are two main wings to this board:
- IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
- IRTF (Internet Research Task Force)
Apart from maintaining protocols and norms/standards, another important function of commonality is assigning unique names and addresses to computers connected on the Net. This function is performed by InterNIC (Internet Network Information Center) which is a group of three organizations.
1. General Atomics, CA : Provides Information Services
2. AT & T., NY : Provides Directory and Database Services
3. Network Solutions, VA : Provides Registration Service
The services of InterNIC group are available on the Internet itself. Each individually connected network maintains its own user policies and procedures as to who can be connected, what kind of traffic the network will carry, and so on.
go to my next blog to continue. thanks
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